类人猿行动

一部相当出色的二战题材电影，改编于真实的历史事件，刺杀Reinhard Heydrich，代号“Anthropoid”行动。

影片完美再现了二战的残酷，及人性在生死存亡之间的无情选择。

相信看过的人，都会感同身受，更从心底里致敬那些为国为人民牺牲的烈士们。

影片导演，Sean Ellis，曾执导《超市夜未眠》获得第78届奥斯卡金像奖“最佳真人短片“提名主要演员，Jamie Dornan（饰演Jan Kubis），曾经出演《五十度灰》而令人熟知。

Cillian Murphy（饰演Josef Gabcík），曾在《盗梦空间》中一展身手。

有别于某些国家二战题材的影片，英雄开挂，手撕鬼子，扔个手榴弹可以炸掉高空轰炸机，脱了军装变”超人“，穿了军装成”钢铁侠“的狗血设定。

这部电影完全忠于历史，没有丝毫的加油添醋，以最淳朴的记录方式还原历史的真实写照。

残酷、血腥、现实，没有神乎其神的英雄主义，只有最为本质的爱国情怀。

影片的主题是”刺杀行动“，可是影片中描写这一特定事件的剧情相当少，只有一分钟（1:03---1:04），走了个过场。

以此作为分割线，将影片分为两个部分。

导演用他高超的叙事能力向所有观众展现了一个极其真实的二战中的布拉格。

第一部分，刺杀前的准备活动，导演用了近一小时来叙述这些，不是磨磨蹭蹭，而是起到了烘托气氛的关键作用。

前30分钟（第一部分）从Jan Kubis与Josef Gabcík受命前来执行”Anthropoid“计划，随后的找寻组织，确认组织，进入组织，故事层层深入，紧张的情节不由得让观众屏住了呼吸。

后30分钟（第一部分）确认身份后的Jan Kubis、Josef Gabcík与各位同仁开始计划这次行动。

从勘测地形，确认目标到制定具体行程计划（时间、地点、目标）。

可是事情并没有这样简单，即使站在统一战线上的每个人，却又有着不一样的思虑。

此时，不少人对于这个计划提出了异议，有人反对，有人退却，有人怀疑。

可是不管如何，show must go on。。。

进入第二部分，”Anthropoid“计划顺利进行，可是其导致的后果却是让众人陷入被动，德军开始在布拉格实行大搜捕，许多无辜的人被杀，一切与计划的内容完全不一样了。

前15分钟（第二部分），由于没有及时干掉boss，Jan Kubis、Josef Gabcík一行陷于了被动，而且还波及了无辜的人群，这个现实让众人不能接受。

可是在德国的势力之下，所有人的信心开始动摇，方向开始迷失，人群中散发着茫然的情绪。

后45分钟（第二部分），由于叛徒的出卖，及德军的刑讯逼供，Jan Kubis、Josef Gabcík一行终于暴露了行踪，陷入了敌军包围之中，最后的战役终于打响了。

记住这是历史，不是杜撰。

所以有些镜头不忍直视，血腥，暴力，让人看得不寒而栗。

在德军的势力下，根本没有人可以逃过，更没有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的超人出现。

最终的结局，已经一目了然了，烈士了。

写在最后，一部历史题材的影片，尤其是描写“二战”，这个自然会引来不少人的关注，会有不少观众将这部作品与众多同类影片做比较。

可想而知，导演、演员在指导、演绎这部作品时的压力重重，一个细微的错误（眼神、语气、表情）或者说是失实的情节就可能导致人们的口诛笔伐，好在他们中规中矩的完成这一切。

更值得褒奖的是导演对于拍摄地的选择，直接选在了事件发生的所在地，进一步让人感受到了历史的味道及二战风云的气息。

最后，向那些正义的使者、无畏的英雄致敬。

推荐人群：有阅历的人详细影评+剧照可以阅览“floyd与helen的旅途集锦”，谢谢

1、伞兵们抵抗到最后一刻以及捷克人民冒着生命危险保护祖国的英勇壮举永垂不朽。

2、政府居然流亡海外，真是和法国有的一拼。

一个流亡海外的，几乎没有在本土组织过有效抵抗的，一个月内沦丧全国的，二百五政府居然还有脸派人来在自己的国境刺杀纳粹高官？？

这是多不知羞耻啊！

3、一个法定政府最后沦落到搞暗杀，甚至搞暗杀都来不及培养专业人员。

这个政权不是刚刚组织成立力量不足，就是江河日下快要玩儿完。

捷克流亡政府显然属于后者。

4、把国家防卫交给别国，慕尼黑协议和捷克斯洛伐克的陷落就是前车之鉴。

从前一样，现在也一样。

英国人为什么要制定这次行动？

毫无意义呀！

海德里希，当时总督，党卫队的高官。

屠夫，犹太灭绝计划的制定者。

但是，在当时的情况下，杀他 有何意义呀？

根本改变不了战争的进程。

也阻挡不了犹太灭绝计划。

付出的代价是所有的空投人员全部丧失，地下组织完全被破坏，几千人的平民丧生。。。

这完全是不计后果，鲁莽的，坐在办公室拍脑门的人制定的行动。

这些人死的太冤屈了。

电影中，每个特工面对被捕的可能而采取自杀时，自己要决绝于这个世界的时候，我是扪心自问，有没有勇气做到。

真的是佩服这些人。

大陆拍抗日剧，欧美拍抗德剧，高下立判。

看到除夕舞会那段，突然想到，也许二战中德国人的恶是一种理性的恶，日本人的恶是一种无理性的恶。

到底哪个更可怕，我也不知道。

从来没看过墨菲演这么严肃的角色。

琳卡有点像克斯汀·邓斯特，但是更漂亮。

而且她本人就是捷克人。

就像抵抗组织中那个胆怯的人所害怕的不是行动本身而是行动之后德国人的报复，无论成败。

这是可以预见的。

你难道能说他不爱国吗？

影片有一半时间展现了行动失败后疯狂的抓捕和悲壮的抵抗。

悲壮是因为困兽犹斗，而灭亡只是时间问题。

影片挺客观的，并不因为你反抗的是德国人就刻意拔高。

鹅卵石街道湿漉漉的布拉格湿漉漉的公园拐角上姑娘吻了你你的眼睛一眨不眨后来面对枪口也是这样党卫军雨衣反穿像光亮的皮大衣三轮摩托驶过你和朋友们倒下去的时候雨还在下我看见一滴雨水与另一滴雨水在电线上追逐最后掉到鹅卵石路上我想起你嘴唇动了动没有人看见

暗杀者最初躲藏于两个布拉格家庭中，之后转往圣济利禄暨圣默多狄大教堂寻求庇护。

盖世太保遍寻不着，直到外距的成员卡莱尔·可达被捕，并在100万帝国马克赏金的诱惑下供出当地接应人员的姓名。

可达的背叛造成大量庇护家庭遭到袭击。

以莫拉维克一家为例，6月17日清晨5点，盖世太保冲进公寓并要他们站在走廊等待。

莫拉维克太太被允许去上厕所，旋即服下氰化物自杀。

莫拉维克先生则同其儿子阿塔被带往培瑟克宫（Peček Palác），当时盖世太保于捷克之总部。

阿塔在里面遭到刑求，更痛苦的是见到母亲的头颅在鱼缸中载浮载沉，最后他无可奈何，言其所知。

党卫队在得知暗杀者所在地后，马上包围了教堂。

然而在700多名德国士兵攻坚下，志士们皆奋战至死。

其中3名，包括暗杀海德里希的库比兹，在两小时的枪战后，于祷告阁楼中被杀（亦有传闻指出库比兹突围成功，但在逃出后伤重不治）。

另外4名则在击退一波党卫队攻势后，全员在地窖内自杀，其中包括盖伯瑟克。

整个攻坚过程中，德军动用了烟熏逼出与消防车水攻，却仍无法抓到活口。

事后党卫队的伤亡人数众说纷纭，民间传闻14死21伤，党卫队的官方数字为0死5伤。

无论如何，志士们以小口径手枪和配备机枪榴弹之德军对峙了两小时，仍属不易。

：勾陈一cr

我说：使用Google浏览器有翻译功能，目测可以翻译后中文可以保持较准确的原意。

A famous person said: history is always similar to be seen in multiple events along the historical river.So a series of arrows will eventually point to the single event through various facts and documents. This event may be ranged shortly among very short moment or a long historical stage.This paper will focus on the history from the film ‘Anthropoid’ through investigating and collecting information as to give a clear, equal and unbiased appearance towards every main characters in the film. Additionally, this paper will focus on the eventsappeared in this film.

WWII Europe 1941-1942 MapBefore introducing the event of Operation Anthropoid which is the original event in the film, we should firstly introduce the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

Czechoslovakia during 1918-1938Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939. Czechoslovakia was firstly demanded to give the control of the Sudetenland to Adolf Hitler in September 1938. And on 26 September 1938, Britain and France ceded control in the Appeasement at the Munich Conference, which was finally known by the world, the Munich Agreement. Additionally, the remainder (“rump”) of Czechoslovakia was invaded and divided into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the puppet Slovak State.Until to the date on 27 September 1941, Reinhard Heydrich, the aim of Operation Anthropoid, was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and assumed control of the territory.

Reinhard HeydrichDue to the reason that Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt the former protector Konstantin von Neurath’s “soft approach” to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides:We will Germanize the Czeh vermin. Heydrich came to Prague, the capital of Czech, to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were “extremely important to the German war effort”. To realize his goals Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. He explained: Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought.During his rule by terrorizing the population of Protector before the date on December 1941, the date of starting the plan of Operation Anthropoid, Heydrich arrested estimated between 4,000 and 5,000 people. By 3 October 1941, the decision was taken by Czechoslovak military intelligence in London to kill Heydrich. This is the starting date of planning Operation Anthropoid.Planning OperationThere are several reasons of planning to kill Heydrich. Firstly, he was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and an important figure in the rise of Adolf Hitler; he was given overall charge of the Final Solution (Holocaust) of the Jews in Europe. Secondly, killing him can help confer legitimacy on government-in-exile in London, as well as for retribution against Heydrich’s brutally efficient rule. The third reason is that, during the WWII, the resistance was active from the very beginning of occupation in several other countries defeated in open warfare, but the subjugated Czech lands remained relatively calm and produced significant amounts of materiel for Nazi Germany. The purpose of operation is to demonstrated to senior Nazis that they were not beyond the reach of allied forces and the resistance groups they supported. (Maybe this is the reason in the beginning screen that the locals want to sell the two intelligence to the Nazi. Some of the locals in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia wanted to follow the rule by Nazi German rather than defeating. Another reason of selling was probably the terrorizing control by Heydrich.) After starting the plan, Czechoslovak intelligence was trained by the British Special Operation Executive (SOE). Preparation began on 20 October 1941. the intelligence was selected from 2,000 exiled Czechoslovak soldiers based in Britain. In the training, one of the intelligence of operation was replaced by another person after the intelligence received a head injury during training. This replacement made the new intelligence named Jan Kubis had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. (The potential reason of operation “failure”) Another intelligence was Jozef Gabcik. InsertionOn 28 December 1941, the intelligence, Gabcik and Kubis landed near the east of Prague and there was a mistaken landing due to the navigation problems of pilots. In Prague, they contacted several families and anti-Nazi organizations who helped them during the preparations for the assassination. Upon learning of the nature of the mission, resistance leaders begged the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to call off the attack, say that:An attempt against Heydrich’s life... would be of no use to the Allies and its consequences for our people would be immeasurable. Benes, the head of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in British, personally broadcast a message insisting that the attack go forward, although he denied any involvement after the war. Professor Voitech Mastny, an American historian of Czech descent, argues that he clung to the scheme as the last resort to dramatize Czech resistance.Gabcik and Kubis initially planned to kill Heydrich on a train, but after examination of the practicalities, they realized this was not going to be possible. A second plan was to kill him on forest road that led from Heydrich’s home to Prague. They planned to pull a cable across the road that would stop Heydrich’s car but, after waiting several hours, their commander, Lt. Adolf Opalka who was a member of the Czech sabotage group Out Distance, a WWII anti-Nazi resistance group and a participant in Operation Anthropoid, came to bring them back to Prague. A third plan was to kill Heydrich in Prague. The Attack in Prague and Medical Treatment and Death of HeydrichOn 27 May 1942 at 10:30, Heydrich started his daily commute from his home in Paneske Brezany to his headquarters at Prague Castle. Gabcik and Kubis waited at the tram stop at a tight curve near Bulovka Hospital in Prague 8-Liben, where the curve would force the car to slow down. Josef Valcik, member of the Resistance from group Silver A, was positioned about 100 meters north of Gabcik and Kubis as lookout for the approaching car. Heydrich's green, open-topped Mercedes 320 Convertible B reached the curve two minutes later. As Heydrich's car slowed, Gabčík stepped in front of the vehicle and tried to open fire with his Sten submachine gun, but it jammed and failed to fire. Instead of ordering his driver, SS-Oberscharführer Klein, to speed away, Heydrich called his car to halt and then stood up to shoot Gabčík with his Luger pistol. Kubiš then threw a modified anti-tank grenade (concealed in a briefcase) at the rear of the car as it stopped and its fragments ripped through the car's right rear fender, embedding shrapnel and fibres from the upholstery into Heydrich’s body, upon detonation, wounding him. Kubiš was also injured by the shrapnel.

Another of Heydrich’s Mercedes 320 Convertible B cars, similar to the one in which he was mortally wounded. Heydrich staggered out of the car, apparently unaware of his shrapnel injuries, with his gun in his hand; Gabčík and Kubiš fired at Heydrich with their Colt M1903 pistols but, themselves shocked by the explosion, failed to hit him. Heydrich then chased Kubiš and tried to return fire. Kubiš jumped on his bicycle and pedaled away. Heydrich ran after him for half a block but became weak from shock and collapsed. Heydrich, still with pistol in hand, gripped his left flank, which was bleeding profusely. He ordered Klein to chase Gabčík on foot, saying "Get that bastard!". Klein chased him into a butcher shop, where Gabčík shot him twice with a pistol, severely wounding him in the leg. Gabčík then escaped in a tram, reaching a local safe house.Gabčík and Kubiš did not know that Heydrich was wounded, and were convinced the attack had failed.

A Sten submachine gun, Gabcik’s gun suffered from failure to feed. Czechoslovak paratroopers often complained about the low reliability of BLate in the afternoon of 27 May, SS Karl Hermann Frank proclaimed a state of emergency and curfew in Prague. Anyone who helped the attackers was to be executed along their family. A search involving 21,000 men began and 36,000 houses were checked. By 4 June, 157 people had been executed as a result of the reprisals but the assassins had not been found and no information was forthcoming. A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. He was placed in the back of the van, on his stomach, and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. He had suffered severe injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and one of his lungs. A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided.Himmler ordered another doctor, Karl Gebhardt, to fly to Prague to assume care. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. Theodor Morell, Hitler's personal doctor, suggested the use of sulfonamide (a new antibacterial drug), but Gebhardt, thinking Heydrich would recover, declined the suggestion. On 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate by reciting a part of one of his father's operas:The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns himself. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.Heydrich slipped into a coma after Himmler's visit and never regained consciousness. He died on 4 June; an autopsy concluded he died of sepsis which is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection causes injury to its tissues and organs.Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location, the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire, tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. Rather than surrender, the soldiers killed themselves. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church.Consequences Infuriated by Heydrich's deathon 9 June, the decision was made to “make up for his death”, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity. Hitler ordered a quick investigation. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Ležáky. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there and the Gestapo found a resistance radio transmitter in Ležáky. On 9 June, after discussions with Himmler and Karl Hermann Frank, Hitler ordered brutal reprisals. Beginning on 10 June, all males over the age of 16 in the villages of Lidice and Ležáky were murdered. All the women in Ležáky were also murdered.All but four of the women from Lidice were deported immediately to Ravensbrück concentration camp (four were pregnant – they were subjected to forced abortions at the same hospital where Heydrich had died and the women were then sent to the concentration camp). Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were killed in gas vans at the Chełmno extermination camp. Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled.[140][141] Overall, at least 1,300 Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination.Additionally, under the Hitler’s ordering investigation and reprisals on the very day of the assassination attempt, more than 13,000 were arrested, including intelligence Jan Kubis girlfriend Anna, who subsequently died in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. First Lieutenant Adolf Opalka’s aunt Marie Opalkova was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolim was also killed. According to one estimate, 5,000 people were murdered in the reprisals. Furthermore, in the investigation, a deadline was publicly issued to the military and the people of Czechoslovakia for the assassins to be apprehended by 18 June 1942. If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood as a consequence, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits. Many civilians were indeed weary and fearful of further retaliations, making it increasingly difficult to hide information much longer. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in Karel Boromejsky Church, an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Sts. Cyril and Methodius in Prague. The Germans were unable to locate the attackers until Karel Čurda of the "Out Distance" sabotage group turned himself in to the Gestapo and gave them the names of the team's local contacts for the bounty of one million Reichsmarks which is a currency in Germany. (Karel Curda was an active Czech Nazi collaborator during WWII. A solider of the Czechoslovak army in exile, he was parachuted into the protectorate in 1942 as a member of the sabotage group Out Distance. After the war, Curda was tracked down and arrested. Curda was found guilty of treason and hanged on 29 April 1947. In the alternative theory from Czech historian Plachy, he gave a different account of Curda’s personality and motives. The immediate aftermath of the assassination put Curda under huge pressure as he knew the Nazis could wipe out his whole family and village, just as they had wiped out Lidce and Lezaky, two villages. However, the problem with this theory is that the massacres in Lidice and Lezaky did not occur until almost a moth after Karel Curda’s betrayal. Thus, his betrayal was mainly due to the rewarding of selling out the names of intelligence agent.)Čurda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in Žižkov. At 05:00 on 17 June, the Moravec flat was raided. The family was made to stand in the hallway while the Gestapo searched their flat. Marie Moravec was allowed to go to the toilet, where she bit into a cyanide capsule and killed herself. Alois Moravec was unaware of his family's involvement with the resistance; he was taken to the Petschek Palace together with his 17-year-old son Ata, who was tortured throughout the day but refused to talk. The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not reveal the information that they were looking for, his father would be next. Ata's strong willpower finally snapped, and he told the Gestapo what they wanted to know. Vlastimil "Ata" Moravec was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiancée, her mother and her brother were executed.Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the paratroopers alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenführer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. Kubiš, Adolf Opálka, and Josef Bublík were killed in the prayer loft after a two-hour gun battle. (Kubiš was said to have survived the battle and to have died shortly after from his injuries.) Gabčík, Josef Valcik, Jaroslav Svarc and Jan Hruby committed suicide in the crypt after repeated SS attacks, attempts to force them out with tear gas, and Prague fire brigade trucks brought in to try to flood the crypt. The German SS and police suffered casualties, as well, with 14 SS allegedly killed and 21 wounded, according to one report, although the official SS report about the fight mentioned only five wounded SS soldiers. The men in the church had only small-caliber pistols, while the attackers had machine guns, submachine guns, and hand grenades. After the battle, Čurda confirmed the identity of the dead Czech resistance fighters, including Kubiš and Gabčík. (Gabcik and the others, with the exception of Kubis, who was seriously wounded by a grenade, committed suicide before the Nazis could take them alive in the Church catacombs.

Jozef Gabcik Kubis was wounded in the gun battle and died shortly after arrival at the hospital. In revenge, the Nazis murdered 24 family members and close relatives of Jan Kubis in the concentration camp.

Jan Kubis Adolf Opalka was injured by shrapnel, committed suicide. Shortly after his departure, on his 27thbirthday, Opalka wrote of homesickness:I'm 27 years old today, the entire trip I pondered upon the words "Longing for home is a terrible thing, I know". Yes, only now do I know and understand. And this "homesickness" of Božena Němcová, which I never understood, is nothing compared to my longing for home. I'm willing to suffer through, and do whatever it takes, but only home and home and to honestly work, work for something... How can some speak of beauty, when they've never seen Rešice and the fields from Kordula to Rešice, who never strolled through the warm dirt there, who never felt the warm air and over the grain fields, who never saw our chapel in the milk of white cherries, Husák's garden, which always reminded me of Sholokhov, especially the dirt lumps under the "vortex" and the "Bare Hill" and all the other places on all of which I am. Parts of me are all over the world. In England, little was left of me, maybe more in Scotland... 27 years of life behind me. Death for my homeland. With that I have dealt, and am ready to do what it takes.

Adolf Opalka The other agents names are Josef Bublik, Jan Hruby, Josef Valcik and Jaroslav Svarc.)

Crypt of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Prague.

Crypt of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Prague.Bishop Gorazd took the blame for the actions in the church, in an attempt to minimize the reprisals among his flock, and even wrote letters to the Nazi authorities, who arrested him on 27 June 1942 and tortured him. On 4 September 1942, the bishop, the church's priests, and senior lay leaders were taken to Kobylisy Shooting Range in a northern suburb of Prague and shot by Nazi firing squads. For his actions, Bishop Gorazd was later glorified as a martyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church.Future AftermathHeydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA, and Karl Hermann Frank (27–28 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 – 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. The first three true death camps, designed for mass killing with no legal process or pretext, were built and operated at Treblinka, Sobibór, and Bełżec. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich.文献全部摘自维基百科，由本人筛选和整理，主要出自如下：Operation Anthropoid from WikipediaReinhard Heydrich from Wikipedia Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia from WikipediaCzechoslovakia from WikipediaGerman occupation of Czechoslovakia from WikipediaLidice massacre from WikipediaJozef Gabčík from WikipediaJan Kubiš from WikipediaAdolf Opálka from WikipediaKarel Čurda from Wikipedia

高度还原二战中唯一针对纳粹高层的盟军作战——刺杀有“布拉格屠夫”之称的纳粹三号人物海德里希行动。

120分钟的电影只是一个简约版，克制，忠实，隐忍地表现勇气和牺牲，更加波澜壮阔的史实留给影片头尾的字幕去言不尽意……历史远比电影更残虐更惊心——1.暗杀行动由英国和捷克流亡政府共同发起，海德里希因伤而亡；行动小组的七名成员在围捕时顽强抵抗6小时，最终全部饮弹自尽。

2.行刺招致盖世太保疯狂报复，5000人被处死，13000人被关入集中营。

在最臭名昭著的利迪策惨案中，纳粹处死了村子里16岁以上全部男丁，妇孺被送进集中营，后大部分死在其中，共有88名儿童被残害，这成为国际儿童节的起源。

3.捷克流亡政府对德军会以“集体责任”为由血腥报复始料未及，他们认为就激起捷克人民的反抗而言，这次屠杀是可被接受的代价。

4.至此，由英法德意四国联合签署，打着“以土地换和平”的名义，实则以出卖和牺牲捷克向纳粹求和的《慕尼黑协定》彻底破产。

英法两国被啪啪打脸，其在欧洲的同盟体系土崩瓦解，自己喝下绥靖软弱和助纣为虐带来的毒酒。

导致海德里希死亡的直接原因并不是伤口感染，真相在过了半个多世纪后才真相大白：弹片上有毒。

观影前我以为高潮在于刺杀，而事实上真正的故事仿佛在刺杀那一刻才开启。

从平淡到高潮一瞬间转换，这种叙事手法上非常强力，一个毫无预料的情节铺展：为了坚守一块注定失去的阵地，他们只将最后一枚子弹留给自己。

根本不需要浪费笔墨，导演也无意用悲情配乐来感染观众。

一个曾经犹豫的战士已经学会教会别人如何冷静地战斗，一个为了战友能够牺牲一切的战士只能在地下室静静地等候最后一声枪声冷寂下去。

随着纳粹的水漫地下攻势，战士们，已经完成了类人猿行动的战士们，与敌人战斗到了最后一刻。

7人死守六小时，仅仅这一条历史事实就能说明他们的英勇。

人性在极端条件下的测试，居然能达到如此高度，这本身就让人感到激动而啜泣。

【在布拉格的教堂里，7名伞兵为世界捐躯，纵使爆炸四起、流弹四散，坚韧的意志也战胜了死亡的恐惧。

】

《类人猿行动》莱因哈德·海德里希死了，在病榻上苟延残喘了一周后，这名纳粹的三把手（存疑，戈林更有实权）、布拉格的屠夫终于在1942年6月4日结束了他邪恶的一生。

而海德里希死亡的主因，源于一场针对他的刺杀。

1941年9月29日，海德里希来到布拉格。

当晚，他就宣布在捷克斯洛伐克主要城市实行戒严，开始着手打击捷克斯洛伐克地下抵抗运动，他血腥暴力的压制将英国在捷克斯洛伐克的情报网几近一网打尽。

在震怒之余，英国战时首相丘吉尔特批英国安全协调局的秘密行动队立刻秘密潜入捷克斯洛伐克，执行代号［类人猿］的行动，行动内容一言足以蔽之，行动队与捷克斯洛伐克残余的英国特工汇合并策划袭杀莱因哈特·海德里希。

詹·库比兹与约瑟夫·盖伯瑟克就是特别行动队的全部成员。

詹年轻，约瑟夫年长，但二人都是经过严密训练的特工。

1941年12月28日，二人在布拉格三十公里外的郊区降落，但茂密的树林和乌漆麻黑的状态遮挡了他们的视野，詹平安降落，但约瑟夫却不慎丢失了装备和划伤了腿，但好在，两人没有引起他人的注意，唯一注意到他们的伐木工人虽然想举报他们，也被詹一枪爆头。

在潜入了布拉格后，二人没多久就和反抗组织因德拉联络上了，但因德拉的领袖认为他们疯了，两个人就敢密谋暗杀海德里希，那何不野心再大点，去柏林暗杀希特勒?

因德拉组织经过海德里希的白色恐怖之后死伤惨重，整个组织内部只剩下十来个人。

领袖原以为约瑟夫是来帮助因德拉重新与伦敦建立联系的，但那并不是他们的任务，因德拉领袖拒绝帮助二人，但此时争论毫无意义，暗杀海德里希不是一蹴而就的，众人只能暂时安顿下来容后再议。

因德拉组织将詹和约瑟夫安顿在了一个布拉格之家中，二人秘密的收集着有关海德里希的行动路线，这并不难调查。

海德里希对自己在布拉格的铁腕暴力信心满满，经常坐在敞篷奔驰上肆意狂飙，有时干脆不带卫戍，在街上独自行驶。

这是最合适的时机，但是英国一直不下达准确命令，约瑟夫和詹只能继续潜伏。

在潜伏期间，二位特工也收获了战时爱情，詹认识了玛利亚、约瑟夫认识了兰卡，爱的火花在这座压抑的城市里悄然绽放，詹甚至还向玛利亚求了婚。

但短暂的安定没有让他们忘记自己的使命，他们记得自己的目的，也清楚自己的下场。

说是特工，他们也不过是炮灰中的一员。

当英国下达继续完成［类人猿行动］的命令时，詹在恐惧，他获得了爱和安定，他恐惧自己的结局，但在约瑟夫的照料下，他恢复了精神。

因德拉组织也接受了伦敦的命令，为了协助二位特工，他们也已经做好了赴死的准备，甚至随身带着氰化物胶囊以免落入敌手。

1942年5月27日早上10点30分，詹和约瑟夫以及另外两人早早等在海德里希的必经之地。

当海德里希的敞篷奔驰驶近两人时，约瑟夫迅速冲至车前试图开火，然而他的斯登冲锋枪却卡壳了。

海德里希于是命其司机，党卫队上士克莱因停车，掏出手枪欲结果约瑟夫，而埋伏在后的詹立刻抛出一枚反坦克手榴弹炸翻了海德里希的座驾。

詹和约瑟夫因为一击未果，初步认定作战失败，只得分头撤离，但他们不知道的是，那枚反坦克手榴弹炸裂的碎片划破右挡泥板，连同座椅碎屑深深嵌入海德里希体内，深入脾脏。

（这里放不了海德里希的图片，大家可以百度搜索一下）

詹和约瑟夫在当晚逃回了藏身地，却立刻收到了约瑟夫的爱人兰卡死于党卫军疯狂的报复行动的消息，约瑟夫几近暴走，而詹只能强行控制着约瑟夫恢复冷静。

在经过激烈争执后，约瑟夫只得同意陪着詹一同离开这里，停留在藏身地会为这家人带来灭顶之灾。

因德拉领袖将二人连同另外五名伦敦派来的伞兵安置在西里尔默多狄教堂内，一直隐藏到了6月10，在躲藏期间，几人了解到海德里希在6月4日因败血症而亡，［类人猿行动］顺利完成，但随着成功而来的是另一则噩耗，海德里希死后，他的导师希特勒为了给他报仇，在捷克斯洛伐克发动了大屠杀，5000名男女老幼葬身其中，16000人被关进集中营。

而在捷克斯洛伐克的迪利策村，1942年6月10日，纳粹德国军队为实施报复，焚烧了利迪策村所有房屋，屠杀了全村年龄在15岁以上的173名男性村民，妇女则被送往集中营，另有88名儿童在集中营被德军用毒气杀害。

此次屠杀共有约340人遇难。

为了纪念死在这次人祸的儿童们，国际儿童节也被正式确立在每年的6月1日。

而在教堂之外，因德拉组织近乎全灭，当初收容詹和约瑟夫的家庭被因德拉内部想要保命的成员出卖，而在严刑拷打之下，西里尔默多狄教堂内藏着的成员们曝光了。

德国占领军调动19名军官和740名士兵围捕暗杀行动组，先行死去的是詹和另外两名站岗的伞兵，击退多次进攻，打死打伤数十名德军，而两名伞兵相继离世，詹则在子弹只剩最后一发时饮弹自尽。

一个曾经犹豫的战士已经学会教会别人如何冷静地战斗，一个为了战友能够牺牲一切的战士只能在地下室静静地等候最后一声枪声冷寂下去。

而约瑟夫则和其他3名伞兵藏于教堂地下室内，四人在地下室入口处击毙了许多敌人。

最终，经过敌人放水、烟熏后，约瑟夫等四人饮弹自尽，自此，七名伞兵已和纳粹在教堂内鏖战了六个小时，他们在生命结束前用力发着光，随后，转身共赴国殇。

【END】

接下来是我的看法首先是值得吗?［类人猿行动］被誉为是二战历史上最成功的一次暗杀行动，而且没有之一。

海德里希也由此成为了二战期间被暗杀的军阶最高的德军军官。

此次暗杀行动之后，希特勒对捷克进行了血腥报复，超过5000名捷克平民不分男女老幼全都被疯狂杀害，英国战时首相丘吉尔随即宣布1938年签署的慕尼黑协定作废。

并将捷克看作是为自由而战的重要盟友，二战历史由此掀开了新的一页。

从战略目的上来看，这项计划是完美成功的，因为计划初衷其实有两个。

第一个是，海德里希当时在捷克的白色恐怖干得很成功，捷克人已经不太反抗德国的占领，捷克的军工工业眼看就要被吸纳进德国的战争体系里了。

第二个是，无论是英国还是捷克的流亡政府，实际上早就预料到了在刺杀海德里希后的纳粹的报复，目的就是为了激起捷克的反抗意识，用来坚定抵抗组织的反抗决心和世界反法西斯力量的团结。

这种擒贼先擒王的牺牲值不值得，我没有资格去言论，我只能说，从结果上来看，［类人猿行动］是成功的。

接下来讲回电影这部电影相当的不错，角色的表演和塑造很到位，这增加了观影时的代入感，让观众能去体会真实的过去。

没有大起大落，只有残酷冷静的史实却是电影重要的意义之一，讲好那个你我能从书本、照片上看见的故事。

熬过了前半段的潜伏，才能感受后半段的悲壮。

这部电影没有将詹和约瑟夫所代表的身份神话，他们在成为士兵前首先是一个人，他们会因为必死的绝望而感到恐惧，会因为挚爱被杀而肝肠寸断，但他们在立于人的位置上时，依旧没有忘却身为士兵的使命和责任，以及对于国家和民族的信念。

从“我不想死”到“我不怕死”，中间经历了怎样的折磨?从惊慌失措到镇定自若，把氢化物和最后一颗子弹留给了自己，壮烈殉国，这其中经历了怎样的决绝?